vim-tricks/vim_tricks.md

# Vim

I just noted down some vim commands/ motions /concepts etc. that were previously unknown to me.
I will probably make this more readable and consistent sometime. It's not complete as i am not finished learning vim.
Basics like navigating with hjkl were omitted. If you're reading this to learn, start with the `:vimtutor`.


#### Basic Commands

- u undo
- ctrl + r redo

#### Makros

- q to start recording
- w assign w to recording
- ... input key sequence
- q to end recording
- 85@w play recoding/makro 85 times

#### Searching and Replacing

- /test jump to test in current line
- :\[range\]s/{pattern}/{string}/\[flags\] \[count\]
- ????????????:%s/test/penis/g
  - replace test with penis in whole file
  - /g is for "global" - whole line
  - % is the range -> entire file
  - % == filename
- If you changed the default case setting and you want to perform case sensitive search, use the `I` flag:
  - :%s/test/penis/gi
- You can match regex here too, just keep in mind to escape things like + -> \\+
- more here: <https://linuxize.com/post/vim-find-replace/>

  ##### view search results
- It is n for next and N for previous.

  ##### jump to the next/previous instance of the current word
- Put the cursor on a word and hit the \* key and you will jump to the next instance of that word.

  The # key does the same, but it jumps to the previous instance of the word.

#### Deleting until

- dtc delete upto but **not** including *c*
- dfc delete upto **and** including *c*
- d$ delete until end of line
- dG delete until end of file
- dgg delete until start of file
- di( delete in () 
  - printf("test"); - "test" would be deleted
- da( delete around ( 
  - printf("test"); - ("test") would be deleted

#### Comment/ Uncomment multiple lines

Put your cursor on the first `#` character, press Ctrl V (or Ctrl Q for gVim), and go down until the last commented line and press x, that will delete all the `#` characters vertically.

For commenting a block of text is almost the same:

1. First, go to the first line you want to comment, press Ctrl V. This will put the editor in the `VISUAL BLOCK` mode.
2. Then using the arrow key and select until the last line
3. Now press Shift I, which will put the editor in `INSERT` mode and then press #. This will add a hash to the first line.
4. Then press Esc (give it a second), and it will insert a `#` character on all other selected lines.

#### .vimrc customization

add these two lines to be able to customize your vimrc while still retaining the defaults

- unlet! skip_defaults_vim
- source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim
- Comment lines out with "

#### Setting line numbers

- :set number and :set nonumber respectively for normal line numbers 
  - toggling is possible with :set number!
- :set relativenumber (:set rnu) and :set norelativenumber (:set nornu) respectively for relative line numbers 
  - toggling is possible with :set relativenumber! (:set rnu!)
- When both are active at the same time (:set number relativenumber (:set number rnu)) Hybrid line numbering is active 
  - Hybrid line numbering is the same as the relative line numbering with the only difference being that the current line instead of showing `0` shows its absolute line number.
- You can add those in your .vimrc to set those as default and not have to change that every time you open vim

#### A Command for Saving, Compiling and Running the Current C Code

Add this to your .vimrc:

- command M w | !gcc % -o %<.o && ./%<.o

to run it just type :M in vim

or make a Custom key Combination with the leader key (, + m):

- noremap <Leader>m :w | !gcc % -o %<.o && ./%<.o<CR>

#### A key Combination for viewing the currently open file in Okular

- this is useful for writing markdown files and viewing them with the images, just press , + o
- noremap <Leader>o :w | :silent !okular % &<CR>

#### Leader Key

Is by default / but can be changed with:

- let mapleader=","  
  here i have set it to ,

  Vim waits for 1000 milliseconds after the `<Leader>`
  key has been pressed, so if you take too long to press the next key in
  the sequence it won't be matched. This timeout can be changed by using `:set timeoutlen` to set specific value.

#### Change Tab width

in your .vimrc

- `set tabstop=4`

  will set the tab width equal to 4 spaces

#### indent/ unindent lines

**Normal mode**

- \>> indent the current line
- 3>> indent the current line and two lines below (same as 2>j)
- \>k indent the current line and the line above (same as 1>k or >1k)
- << unindent the current line
- 5<< unindent the current line and four lines below (same as 4<j or <4j)
- 2<k unindent the current line and two lines above (same as <2k)
- = auto indent code, use motion commands to indicate the portion to be indented 
  - =4j auto indents the current line and four lines below
  - =ip auto indents the current paragraph

You can use any motion command with > and <. For example, >} indents till the end of the paragraph.

**Visual mode**

- \> indent the visually selected lines once
- 3> indent the visually selected lines three times
- < unindent the visually selected lines once
- = auto indent code

#### be able to use bash aliases in vims ! mode

Bash doesn’t load your .bashrc unless it’s interactive. To make the setting permanent, add `set shellcmdflag=-ic` to the end of your `.vimrc` file

#### resize vim correctly with the kitty terminal emulator

- `set term=kitty`

#### Vim motions 

- Use `w` (**w**ord) command to jump to the beginning of the next **w**ord
- Use `b` (**b**ack) to jump to the beginning of a word backwards
- Use `e` (**e**nd) to jump to the end of a word
- Use `ge` to jump to the end of a word backwards

- `0`: Moves to the **first character of a line**
- `^`: Moves to the **first non-blank character of a line**
- `$`: Moves to the **end of a line**
- `g_`: Moves to the **non-blank character at the end of a line**

- `}` jumps entire paragraphs **downwards**
- `{` similarly but **upwards**

#### Vim tabs

open more than one file at startup using the `-p` option. If you want to open three files in separate tabs, you’d use this syntax:

`vim -p file1 file2 file3`

- Or in Normal mode run `:tabnew filename`
-  You can switch between tabs using `:tabn` and `:tabp`, or you can use `gt`
   while you’re in normal mode. 
- If you have a lot of tabs open, you can use `:tabfirst`, or just `:tabfir`, to jump to the first tab, and `:tablast` to jump to the last tab that’s open.
- Close all tabs: `:qa`
- To save work in all tabs and quit: `:wqa`