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vim_tricks.md
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vim_tricks.md
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# Vim
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I just noted down some vim commands/ motions /concepts etc. that were previously unknown to me.
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I will probably make this more readable and consistent sometime. It's not complete as i am not finished learning vim.
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Basics like navigating with hjkl were omitted. If you're reading this to learn, start with the `:vimtutor`.
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#### Basic Commands
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- u undo
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- ctrl + r redo
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#### Makros
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- q to start recording
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- w assign w to recording
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- ... input key sequence
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- q to end recording
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- 85@w play recoding/makro 85 times
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#### Searching and Replacing
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- /test jump to test in current line
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- :\[range\]s/{pattern}/{string}/\[flags\] \[count\]
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- ????????????:%s/test/penis/g
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- replace test with penis in whole file
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- /g is for "global" - whole line
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- % is the range -> entire file
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- % == filename
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- If you changed the default case setting and you want to perform case sensitive search, use the `I` flag:
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- :%s/test/penis/gi
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- You can match regex here too, just keep in mind to escape things like + -> \\+
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- more here: <https://linuxize.com/post/vim-find-replace/>
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##### view search results
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- It is n for next and N for previous.
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##### jump to the next/previous instance of the current word
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- Put the cursor on a word and hit the \* key and you will jump to the next instance of that word.
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The # key does the same, but it jumps to the previous instance of the word.
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#### Deleting until
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- dtc delete upto but **not** including *c*
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- dfc delete upto **and** including *c*
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- d$ delete until end of line
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- dG delete until end of file
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- dgg delete until start of file
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- di( delete in ()
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- printf("test"); - "test" would be deleted
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- da( delete around (
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- printf("test"); - ("test") would be deleted
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#### Comment/ Uncomment multiple lines
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Put your cursor on the first `#` character, press Ctrl V (or Ctrl Q for gVim), and go down until the last commented line and press x, that will delete all the `#` characters vertically.
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For commenting a block of text is almost the same:
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1. First, go to the first line you want to comment, press Ctrl V. This will put the editor in the `VISUAL BLOCK` mode.
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2. Then using the arrow key and select until the last line
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3. Now press Shift I, which will put the editor in `INSERT` mode and then press #. This will add a hash to the first line.
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4. Then press Esc (give it a second), and it will insert a `#` character on all other selected lines.
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#### .vimrc customization
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add these two lines to be able to customize your vimrc while still retaining the defaults
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- unlet! skip_defaults_vim
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- source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim
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- Comment lines out with "
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#### Setting line numbers
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- :set number and :set nonumber respectively for normal line numbers
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- toggling is possible with :set number!
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- :set relativenumber (:set rnu) and :set norelativenumber (:set nornu) respectively for relative line numbers
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- toggling is possible with :set relativenumber! (:set rnu!)
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- When both are active at the same time (:set number relativenumber (:set number rnu)) Hybrid line numbering is active
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- Hybrid line numbering is the same as the relative line numbering with the only difference being that the current line instead of showing `0` shows its absolute line number.
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- You can add those in your .vimrc to set those as default and not have to change that every time you open vim
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#### A Command for Saving, Compiling and Running the Current C Code
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Add this to your .vimrc:
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- command M w | !gcc % -o %<.o && ./%<.o
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to run it just type :M in vim
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or make a Custom key Combination with the leader key (, + m):
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- noremap <Leader>m :w | !gcc % -o %<.o && ./%<.o<CR>
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#### A key Combination for viewing the currently open file in Okular
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- this is useful for writing markdown files and viewing them with the images, just press , + o
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- noremap <Leader>o :w | :silent !okular % &<CR>
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#### Leader Key
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Is by default / but can be changed with:
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- let mapleader=","
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here i have set it to ,
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Vim waits for 1000 milliseconds after the `<Leader>`
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key has been pressed, so if you take too long to press the next key in
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the sequence it won't be matched. This timeout can be changed by using `:set timeoutlen` to set specific value.
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#### Change Tab width
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in your .vimrc
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- `set tabstop=4`
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will set the tab width equal to 4 spaces
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#### indent/ unindent lines
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**Normal mode**
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- \>> indent the current line
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- 3>> indent the current line and two lines below (same as 2>j)
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- \>k indent the current line and the line above (same as 1>k or >1k)
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- << unindent the current line
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- 5<< unindent the current line and four lines below (same as 4<j or <4j)
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- 2<k unindent the current line and two lines above (same as <2k)
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- = auto indent code, use motion commands to indicate the portion to be indented
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- =4j auto indents the current line and four lines below
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- =ip auto indents the current paragraph
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You can use any motion command with > and <. For example, >} indents till the end of the paragraph.
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**Visual mode**
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- \> indent the visually selected lines once
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- 3> indent the visually selected lines three times
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- < unindent the visually selected lines once
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- = auto indent code
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#### be able to use bash aliases in vims ! mode
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Bash doesn’t load your .bashrc unless it’s interactive. To make the setting permanent, add `set shellcmdflag=-ic` to the end of your `.vimrc` file
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#### resize vim correctly with the kitty terminal emulator
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- `set term=kitty`
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#### Vim motions
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- Use `w` (**w**ord) command to jump to the beginning of the next **w**ord
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- Use `b` (**b**ack) to jump to the beginning of a word backwards
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- Use `e` (**e**nd) to jump to the end of a word
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- Use `ge` to jump to the end of a word backwards
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- `0`: Moves to the **first character of a line**
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- `^`: Moves to the **first non-blank character of a line**
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- `$`: Moves to the **end of a line**
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- `g_`: Moves to the **non-blank character at the end of a line**
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- `}` jumps entire paragraphs **downwards**
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- `{` similarly but **upwards**
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#### Vim tabs
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open more than one file at startup using the `-p` option. If you want to open three files in separate tabs, you’d use this syntax:
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`vim -p file1 file2 file3`
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- Or in Normal mode run `:tabnew filename`
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- You can switch between tabs using `:tabn` and `:tabp`, or you can use `gt`
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while you’re in normal mode.
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- If you have a lot of tabs open, you can use `:tabfirst`, or just `:tabfir`, to jump to the first tab, and `:tablast` to jump to the last tab that’s open.
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- Close all tabs: `:qa`
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- To save work in all tabs and quit: `:wqa`
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